The neutron collision was right in the best position it could be to detect high-energy neutrinos, which was two degrees below the horizon! As we do not detect neutrinos, we established some limits, we say that there could not be a flow greater than a certain amount. The main disadvantage is that at every moment our detector is limited to specific directions. Our detector differs and complements the other neutrino detectors in several aspects: in energy, because it is only sensitive to very energetic neutrinos in sensitivity, because it is very efficient to detect tau neutrinos that come from directions of a few degrees below the horizon, yes, crossing hundreds of kilometers over the Earth! Regarding the "flavour" or the neutrino type, because it allows to distinguish tau neutrinos, since they are the only ones that we can detect below the horizon, and, finally, in directionality, because we can reconstruct the direction of arrival with precision in around one or two degrees. Only these neutrinos produce the tau lepton (there are three types of neutrinos associated with the electron, the muon and the tau). They have to be of a special type, tau neutrinos. It has to be very energetic for the shower to be large enough to be detected by the Observatory and, to detect neutrinos in this way. One of the most efficient ways to detect them is by looking for almost horizontal cascades that occur when neutrinos interact in the rock near the surface and a charged particle (a tau lepton) comes out almost parallel to the surface that disintegrates in the atmosphere producing a horizontal shower. The Pierre Auger Observatory searches for neutrinos by selecting squalls that arrive very steep. Not observing them allows us to conclude that this jet did not point towards the Earth. This is also important because the models that try to explain these events predict the existence of neutrinos of high energies, especially in a direction that is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the stars in which a gigantic stream of very energetic particles is emitted. None of the three observed neutrinos from this direction. The Pierre Auger Observatory and the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino detectors, which belong to this network of detectors, received the alert briefly after the detection and carried out a search among high-energy neutrino data. The optical telescopes allowed to locate with precision the galaxy in which the explosion took place, and hours later they detected a new optical source in the galaxy NGC 4993, about 130 million light years away. We are all interconnected to be able to look for signals when exceptional events like this occur. The explosion of gamma rays occurred almost immediately.Īn extensive search campaign was conducted on all types of telescopes and observatories, X-rays, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, radio waves and neutrinos. The end of the gravitational wave corresponds to the collision that releases a great amount of energy in a relatively small volume, since the neutron stars have a mass slightly greater than the sun but a radius of only about 10 kilometers. It was found that the explosion occurred 1.7 seconds after the end of the gravitational wave, due to two neutron stars that rotate approaching progressively and increasing their speed as they radiated energy, until colliding. They found it in the data after receiving a message from a gamma-ray detector on the FERMI satellite that had located an explosion of gamma rays from a region of the broad sky, without being able to pinpoint the direction of its origin. The gravitational wave could also be confirmed by the European detector of Virgo, in Pisa (Italy), which has just entered into operation, allowing a better delimitation of the direction in which it was produced. This time the "song" of the binary system lasted almost two minutes, becoming progressively more acute until the moment of the collision. The two arms - of 4 km each - of the two detectors of LIGO in Hanford and Livingston (USA) detected a tiny and harmonious contraction and expansion of Space, due to the passage of a gravitational wave. On August 17, 2017, at 14:40 Central European Time, a new phase for Physics begun. What was the participation of the Pierre Auger Observatory in the research that led to the capture of light and gravitational waves of the stellar explosion revealed a few days ago? 17, which he referres as an experience that changed the lives of the participating scientists. Member and representative of Spain at the Pierre Auger Observatory, and Professor of the Galician Institute of High Energy Physics of the Department of Particle Physics of the Faculty of Physics at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Enrique Zas shared with us his experience in the process of observation of the fusion of two neutron stars recorded on Aug.
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